The energy sector of the state is divided into two main segments - wholesale and retail.

Within the wholesale segment, electricity is generated and transmitted. Generating companies that own thermal power plants, hydroelectric power stations, and wind turbines produce electricity and transmit it through power lines to substations. On the wholesale market, purchases are made by energy-intensive industries, such as the «MetalliKO» metallurgical plant. Enterprises that have their own power plants can use the generated energy for their own needs or sell it. The operator of the wholesale electricity market, «OptEnergoMarket», is responsible for managing the wholesale segment. It organizes the trade in electricity, monitors compliance with rules and regulations by market participants, and verifies the accuracy of calculations.

Energy supplying organizations in the retail market, in turn, are engaged in the distribution and sale of electricity to end consumers, including households and organizations. Sales companies, such as the «OffEnergo» energy company, buy electricity on the wholesale market and sell it to consumers on the retail market.

Forecasting demand for electricity in the retail market is crucial, as it directly affects the volume of generation in the wholesale market. Accurate forecasting allows generating companies to adjust production according to consumer needs, ensuring stability and reliability of energy supply.

The smooth operation, reliability, and efficiency of all processes, including generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of electricity, are ensured by a single operator of dispatch control - the Central Dispatch Unit «Energo». It carries out round-the-clock monitoring of the energy system.

If hackers interfere with the operation of at least one element of the energy system, all market participants will suffer, and the functioning of power supply facilities will be disrupted. And attacks on critical equipment of power plants can leave State F without electricity.

The companies of the electric power industry are featured in the «Energy sector» 3D model.